If you searched for 7800x3d vs 9800x3d gaming performance, you are asking one of the most practical questions in PC building right now. Both chips have eight cores, both carry the same huge 96MB of L3 cache, and both drop into the same AM5 socket. The newer chip is faster, but the older chip is still one of the best gaming processors ever made, and it usually costs less. This guide gives you the direct answer first, then the evidence behind it, so you can decide with confidence whether to upgrade or which chip to buy new.
Quick answer: for a brand new build, buy the Ryzen 7 9800X3D if the price gap is modest, because it is faster in games, much faster outside games, and fully overclockable. If you already own a 7800X3D, do not upgrade for gaming alone. The gain is real but small at the resolutions most people actually play at, and the money buys far more happiness as a better graphics card.
Who Should Buy Which Chip
At 1080p: the 9800X3D wins. Published benchmarks put it roughly 8 to 15 percent ahead of the 7800X3D in CPU limited games at 1080p, with the biggest gaps in cache heavy and simulation heavy titles. If you play competitive shooters on a 240Hz or faster monitor, that gap is worth paying for. For everyone else at 1080p on a 60Hz or 144Hz screen, the 7800X3D already delivers more frames than the monitor can show in most games.
At 1440p: the 9800X3D still wins, but by less, typically around 5 to 10 percent in CPU bound scenes and far less when the graphics card is the limit. This is the resolution where most buyers should stop and look at their graphics card first, because a GPU upgrade usually moves the needle more than a CPU swap here.
At 4K: call it a tie for practical purposes. The gap shrinks to roughly 1 to 3 percent in most titles because the graphics card does almost all the work. Buy whichever chip is cheaper and put the savings toward the GPU, which is what actually decides 4K frame rates.
What to upgrade first: if you own a 7800X3D, upgrade the graphics card first, then the monitor, and only then think about the CPU. If you are building new and your budget forces a choice between the 9800X3D and a better GPU, take the 7800X3D with the better GPU almost every time. A faster graphics card raises frame rates at every resolution, while the faster CPU only helps where the CPU was the limit.
What Actually Changed Between the Two Chips
The headline change is not the core count, because that did not change. Both chips have eight cores and sixteen threads. The real change is where AMD put the extra cache, and what that placement allowed the cores to do.
On the 7800X3D, the 64MB stack of 3D V-Cache sits on top of the processor cores. That cache is brilliant for gaming because it keeps game data close to the cores, but it also sits between the cores and the cooler, which traps heat. AMD handled that by locking the multiplier and capping the boost clock at 5.0 GHz. The chip is efficient and cool running, but you cannot push it further.
On the 9800X3D, AMD flipped the design. The cache die now sits underneath the cores, so heat from the cores travels straight up into the cooler instead of passing through the cache layer. That single change unlocked three things: a higher 4.7 GHz base clock, a higher 5.2 GHz boost clock, and full overclocking support for the first time on an X3D chip. Add the newer Zen 5 architecture, which does more work per clock cycle than Zen 4, and you get a chip that is faster in games and dramatically faster in multi-threaded work such as rendering and compiling, even though the core count and cache size look identical on a spec sheet.
One thing did not change, and it matters for your wallet: both chips use the AM5 socket and DDR5 memory. A 7800X3D owner can move to a 9800X3D with a BIOS update and no new motherboard or RAM. That is the whole upgrade story in one sentence, and it is why this decision is about price and use case rather than about rebuilding a PC.
Ryzen 7 7800X3D vs Ryzen Spec Comparison
| Specification | Ryzen 7 7800X3D | Ryzen 7 9800X3D |
|---|---|---|
| Architecture | Zen 4 | Zen 5 |
| Cores and threads | 8 cores, 16 threads | 8 cores, 16 threads |
| Base clock | 4.2 GHz | 4.7 GHz |
| Max boost clock | 5.0 GHz | 5.2 GHz |
| L2 cache | 8MB | 8MB |
| L3 cache | 96MB | 96MB |
| Total cache | 104MB | 104MB |
| Default TDP | 120W | 120W |
| Memory support | DDR5-5200 | DDR5-5600 |
| Socket | AM5 | AM5 |
| Overclocking | Multiplier locked | Fully unlocked |
| Cooler included | No | No |
| Launch | April 2023 | November 2024 |
The spec table tells a story that raw numbers hide. The 9800X3D has a 500 MHz higher base clock and a 200 MHz higher boost clock at the same 120W TDP, which is a direct result of the cache moving underneath the cores and the Zen 5 cores doing more per cycle. AMD lists the full Ryzen 7 9800X3D specifications on its product page, and the Ryzen 7 7800X3D specifications show the same socket, core count, and TDP on the older chip. Same power envelope, more performance: that is a genuine generational improvement, not a rebrand.
Practical takeaway: do not judge these chips by core count or cache size alone. Those two numbers are identical, and they are the least useful numbers on the table. Clocks, architecture, and cache placement are where the newer chip earns its price premium.
Gaming Performance at 1080p, 1440p, and 4K
1080p: the resolution where the CPU matters most
At 1080p, the graphics card finishes each frame quickly, so the processor becomes the bottleneck more often than at higher resolutions. This is where the 9800X3D shows its clearest advantage. TechSpot’s review of the 9800X3D found it 14 percent faster than the 7800X3D in Star Wars Jedi: Survivor, 8 percent faster in Cyberpunk 2077: Phantom Liberty, and 21 percent faster in Hogwarts Legacy, all at 1080p in CPU limited test scenes. Other published reviews land in the same range, roughly 8 to 15 percent on average across a suite of games, with outliers in both directions depending on the title.
That average hides an important detail. In competitive games that already run at several hundred frames per second, an extra 10 percent is invisible on a 144Hz monitor but very real on a 360Hz monitor, where every frame counts toward hitting the refresh target. In slower paced single player games at 1080p, both chips already deliver smooth frame rates, so the newer chip’s lead is measurable in a benchmark chart and hard to feel in the chair.
1440p: the sweet spot, and the resolution where the GPU takes over
At 1440p, the graphics card works much harder per frame, which shrinks the CPU gap. Expect roughly 5 to 10 percent in games that still lean on the CPU, such as large simulation titles and open world games with dense crowds, and close to nothing in games that are fully GPU bound. Published comparisons consistently show the 1440p gap at about half the 1080p gap, which matches how bottlenecks shift as resolution rises.
This is also the resolution most readers of this site actually play at, and it changes the buying advice. If you play at 1440p with a mid range card such as an RTX 5070, the two chips will feel nearly identical in most games, because the card hits its limit before either CPU breaks a sweat. The best GPU for Ryzen 7 9800X3D guide is worth checking before you decide, because pairing either chip with the right card matters more than the choice between the chips themselves.
4K: buy the cheaper chip, spend on the GPU
At 4K, the graphics card dominates so completely that published comparisons show a gap of only about 1 to 3 percent between these two processors. In some titles the numbers are effectively identical. Neither chip will hold back a high end card at 4K in any meaningful way, and neither chip can rescue a weak card at 4K either. If your monitor is 4K, treat this CPU decision as settled by price: buy whichever X3D chip costs less on the day you order, and put every saved dollar into the graphics card tier.
Practical takeaway: match the CPU decision to your monitor. High refresh 1080p favors the 9800X3D, 1440p makes it a close call decided by price, and 4K makes it nearly irrelevant.
Estimated FPS Across 10 Popular Games
The table below shows estimated average frame rates for both chips, compiled from published third party benchmarks, not from in-house testing. Figures assume a high end graphics card class and high settings, and they are estimates, not guarantees: your results will vary with your exact GPU, memory speed, game settings, and driver version. The pattern matters more than any single number, and the pattern is consistent: a clear lead at 1080p that narrows at 1440p.
| Game | 7800X3D at 1080p | 9800X3D at 1080p | 7800X3D at 1440p | 9800X3D at 1440p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Counter-Strike 2 | 520 | 580 | 420 | 455 |
| Valorant | 700 | 760 | 600 | 640 |
| Fortnite | 240 | 265 | 190 | 205 |
| Cyberpunk 2077 | 145 | 160 | 110 | 118 |
| Hogwarts Legacy | 130 | 155 | 105 | 115 |
| Starfield | 95 | 108 | 80 | 86 |
| Baldur’s Gate 3 | 140 | 155 | 115 | 124 |
| Microsoft Flight Simulator | 78 | 88 | 65 | 70 |
| Black Myth: Wukong | 105 | 114 | 88 | 94 |
| Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 4 | 200 | 220 | 165 | 178 |
Read the table by genre, not just by number. Competitive shooters show the biggest gains because they are the most CPU limited. Simulation and open world games such as Flight Simulator, Starfield, and Hogwarts Legacy show strong gains too, because their engines stream huge amounts of world data, which is exactly what the big L3 cache accelerates. Graphically heavy single player games such as Black Myth: Wukong show smaller gains because the GPU dominates. If your library leans toward the first two groups, the 9800X3D earns its premium. If it leans toward the third, it does not.
A note on honesty: no table like this can capture your exact system. Memory speed, background software, Windows power settings, and even the specific game patch all move results by a few percent. Treat these figures as a comparison between the two chips, not as a promise about your PC.
 Where the New Chip Earns Its Keep
Average frame rate is the number everyone quotes, and it is the number that matters least to how smooth a game feels. What you actually notice is the worst moments: the hitch when a new area loads, the stutter when a fight explodes into particles, the dip when a simulation heavy scene suddenly demands data. Those moments are measured as 1% lows, the frame rate during the worst one percent of frames, and they are where the 9800X3D often looks better than its average FPS lead suggests.
AMD’s own launch material claimed a 31 percent higher 1% low frame rate for the 9800X3D over competing chips in The Last of Us Part 1, and independent coverage has repeatedly found improved minimum frame rates in cache heavy titles. The mechanism is straightforward: the faster Zen 5 cores and higher clocks clear sudden bursts of game logic faster, so the frame time spikes are shorter and less visible. If you want the full explanation of why this metric matters more than averages, our guide on what frame time is and why 1% lows matter covers it in depth.
Here is the practical version. If your games feel smooth already, better 1% lows will not transform them. If you play simulation games, big open worlds, or heavily modded titles where hitches are a regular annoyance, the 9800X3D’s steadier frame pacing is the most convincing reason to choose it, more convincing than the average FPS number on a chart. The 7800X3D is no slouch here either: its huge cache already gives it excellent 1% lows compared with non X3D chips. This is a contest between two very smooth processors, and the newer one is smoother, not a contest between smooth and stuttery.
Practical takeaway: when you compare these chips, look at 1% lows in reviews of the games you actually play. An 8 percent average gain with a 15 percent 1% low gain feels bigger than an 8 percent average gain alone.
Platform Costs Same Socket, Different Memory Bill
The good news first: upgrading from a 7800X3D to a 9800X3D costs exactly one processor and a BIOS update. Both chips use AM5 motherboards, both use DDR5, and both use the same cooler mounting. There is no new motherboard, no new RAM, and no new cooler required, unless your current cooler is already struggling. For a new build, the platform cost is identical whichever chip you pick: an AM5 board, a DDR5 kit, and a capable cooler.
The bad news is about the memory itself, and it has nothing to do with which chip you choose. DDR5 prices surged through 2026 as memory makers shifted wafer capacity toward high bandwidth memory for AI accelerators, and trackers reported 32GB DDR5 kits climbing from under $100 in earlier years to roughly $400 or more by late 2026. That price pressure hits every new AM5 build equally, and it changes the value math in a way that favors the cheaper CPU. When the RAM kit alone costs several hundred dollars, saving money on the processor to protect the rest of the budget is smart, not cheap. Buying the 7800X3D at a discount leaves room for the 32GB kit that modern games increasingly want, and the September 2026 Steam hardware survey backs that up: 32GB overtook 16GB as the most common memory size among surveyed Steam users, and eight core processors passed 30 percent of surveyed systems, with AMD’s CPU share reaching 48.4 percent overall.
One more platform point for upgraders: check your motherboard maker’s CPU support list and update the BIOS before you swap chips, while the old processor is still installed. A board that shipped before the 9800X3D launched may not boot with the new chip until its BIOS is updated, and updating with the new chip already installed can leave you stuck. This is a ten minute job when done in the right order and a frustrating afternoon when done in the wrong one.
Practical takeaway: the platform is free to switch between these two chips, but DDR5 pricing is not. In late 2026, the total build budget matters more than the CPU price alone, and that pushes value buyers toward the 7800X3D.
Power, Heat, and Cooling
Both chips carry a 120W TDP, and both are efficient by high end desktop standards. In gaming, real power draw sits well below that rating on either chip, which is one reason X3D processors have a reputation for running cool and quiet compared with power hungry flagship rivals. Neither chip includes a cooler in the box, so budget for one either way.
There is a cooling nuance worth knowing. Because the 9800X3D moves heat out of the cores more directly, reviewers have reported it running its cores at higher sustained clocks, which can show up as higher reported temperatures under load than the 7800X3D, even though the heat is actually leaving the chip more efficiently. Do not panic if your new 9800X3D reports temperatures in the mid 70s to low 80s under load: that is heat reaching the cooler, which is what you want, not heat trapped inside the chip. A good dual tower air cooler or a 240mm liquid cooler handles either chip comfortably. AMD recommends a liquid cooler for the 9800X3D for optimal performance, but a quality air cooler is fine for stock operation in a case with decent airflow.
Overclocking changes the cooling conversation. The 7800X3D is multiplier locked, so tuning is limited to memory settings and Precision Boost Overdrive tweaks. The 9800X3D is fully unlocked, and enthusiasts can push all core clocks higher with Curve Optimizer and manual tuning, at the cost of more heat and more time spent stability testing. If you enjoy tuning, that freedom alone may justify the newer chip. If you never open the BIOS except to enable EXPO, it is worth nothing to you, and you should not pay for it.
Practical takeaway: cooling costs are the same for both chips at stock settings. The 9800X3D only costs more cooling if you choose to overclock it, which is optional.
Which GPU Tier Can Each Chip Feed Without Bottlenecking
Neither of these processors will bottleneck any sensibly paired graphics card at 1440p or 4K, and that includes cards up to the RTX 5090 class. The question is really about the other end of the scale: how weak can the graphics card be before the CPU stops mattering, and how strong can it be before the CPU becomes the limit at 1080p.
With an entry level card such as an RTX 5060, both chips are overkill for gaming, and you will not see any difference between them at any resolution, because the card is the limit everywhere. With a mid range card such as an RTX 5070 or RX 9070 XT, the chips are still effectively tied at 1440p and 4K, with a small 9800X3D edge at 1080p in CPU heavy titles. With a high end card such as an RTX 5070 Ti or above, the 9800X3D’s lead at 1080p and 1440p becomes visible in the games that lean on the CPU, and it grows as the card gets faster, because a faster card exposes the CPU limit sooner.
If you are unsure which part is holding your current system back, test it instead of guessing: drop your resolution and settings, and if frame rates barely move, the CPU is the limit; if they jump, the GPU is. Our guide on how to find a PC bottleneck walks through that test step by step. It takes five minutes and it prevents the most common upgrade mistake, which is replacing a part that was never the problem.
Practical takeaway: pair either chip with any modern mid range or high end card without worry. The CPU choice only starts to matter when the card is fast and the resolution is low, which is exactly the competitive gaming scenario.
Pairing Specific Issues to Check Before You Buy
Every pairing has quirks, and this one has a short, specific list. Work through it before you order, and you will avoid the problems that actually show up in forums.
BIOS version: as noted above, a 9800X3D in an older AM5 board needs a BIOS that supports Ryzen 9000 series chips. Update with the old CPU installed, or buy a board with BIOS flashback and follow the maker’s instructions exactly.
Memory speed and EXPO: both chips love fast DDR5, and DDR5-6000 with tight timings remains the sweet spot for AM5 gaming in most testing. The 9800X3D officially supports DDR5-5600 without overclocking versus DDR5-5200 on the 7800X3D, but in practice both run DDR5-6000 EXPO kits fine on a decent board. Enable EXPO in the BIOS: running DDR5 at its base JEDEC speed leaves real gaming performance on the table, and it is the single most common setup mistake on AM5 builds.
Chipset and PCIe lanes: both chips offer PCIe 5.0 for the graphics card and storage on supporting boards, so there is no platform feature gap between them. Do not pay extra for a premium chipset expecting gaming gains from it: chipset choice affects connectivity and overclocking features, not frame rates.
Used 7800X3D caution: the 7800X3D is a popular used buy, and that popularity attracts listings with vague histories. A used chip with no warranty is a gamble if the seller cannot show it working, and bent pins or poor handling are the usual risks. If the used discount is small, a new chip with a full warranty is the better deal.
Cooler mounting and clearance: both chips use the standard AM5 mounting, so any AM5 compatible cooler fits. Check case clearance for tall air coolers and radiator support for liquid coolers before ordering, not after.
Practical takeaway: none of these issues is a reason to avoid either chip. They are a checklist, and every item on it is fixable in minutes except a bad used purchase.
Should 7800X3D Owners Upgrade?
For most 7800X3D owners, the honest answer is no, and the math explains why. You would pay the full price of a 9800X3D, minus whatever you recover selling the old chip, for roughly 8 to 15 percent more at 1080p, less at 1440p, and almost nothing at 4K. That money buys a graphics card tier jump in many builds, which raises frame rates everywhere, or a better monitor, which you actually look at all day. The CPU swap also costs you an afternoon of BIOS updates, cooler removal, and retesting for a gain you may not feel.
There are three exceptions where the upgrade makes sense. First, competitive players chasing 240Hz or higher at 1080p, where every frame toward the refresh target is visible. Second, owners who have added heavy productivity work, such as video editing, rendering, or compiling, where the Zen 5 cores deliver a much larger gain than in games, roughly 20 to 30 percent in multi-threaded tests according to published reviews. Third, tuners who want the unlocked multiplier and will actually use it. If none of those three describes you, keep the 7800X3D and spend the money where it shows.
Should New Buyers Pay Extra for the 9800X3D?
New buyers face a different question, because there is no old chip to sell and no swap cost. Here the answer depends entirely on the size of the price gap on the day you buy. If the 9800X3D costs only a little more, buy it: it is faster in games, faster outside games, overclockable, and newer, which means a longer useful life before it feels old. If the gap is large, the 7800X3D is the smarter buy, and the savings should go straight into the graphics card or the 32GB memory kit.
A useful rule: if choosing the 9800X3D forces you down a graphics card tier, choose the 7800X3D instead. If it does not change any other part of the build, choose the 9800X3D. That rule has held for every generation of this comparison, and it holds here because the graphics card decides far more frames than the CPU does at the resolutions most people play at.
Also consider the alternative chip one tier down before you decide. If the budget is tight, a Ryzen 7 9700X with a stronger graphics card can beat either X3D chip paired with a weaker card in GPU bound games, even though it loses in CPU bound ones. Our best GPU for Ryzen 7 9700X guide shows what that balance looks like in practice.
A Better Alternative for the Same Money
The strongest alternative to either chip is not a third processor: it is a better graphics card next to the cheaper processor. A 7800X3D paired with a GPU one tier higher will beat a 9800X3D paired with a weaker GPU in nearly every GPU bound game, and it will cost about the same. That is the single most valuable sentence in this article for budget builders, so it is worth repeating in plain form: when the budget is fixed, the GPU tier matters more than the X3D generation.
If your budget is not fixed and you simply want the fastest gaming processor regardless of price, the step up is the Ryzen 9 9950X3D, which pairs two X3D chiplets for sixteen cores. For pure gaming it is barely faster than the 9800X3D, because games rarely use sixteen cores, so it only makes sense if heavy productivity work shares the machine. Our comparison of the Ryzen 9 9950X3D vs Ryzen 7 9800X3D covers that decision in full, and the short version is that the 9800X3D is the gaming pick and the 9950X3D is the do everything pick.
Practical takeaway: spend the same money on a better GPU first, a 9800X3D second, and a 9950X3D only if productivity work justifies it.
That Changes the Smoothness Story
Two late 2026 developments are worth a mention because they affect how smooth games feel on either chip, even though they do not change the verdict between them. First, NVIDIA’s GeForce driver 621.01, released in October 2026, added Microsoft’s Advanced Shader Delivery, which downloads precompiled shaders for supported games instead of compiling them while you play. Early coverage reports that it targets shader compilation stutter, the hitch you feel when a game encounters a new effect for the first time. At launch it supports only a small number of titles, including Gears of War: E-Day and Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 4, and it needs Windows 11 and the Xbox PC app, so treat it as a promising start rather than a solved problem. It matters here because shader stutter is a CPU side problem: anything that reduces it makes both X3D chips feel smoother, and it slightly reduces the value of raw CPU speed in the specific games that support it.
Second, the broader market has moved toward exactly the hardware these chips represent. The September 2026 Steam survey showed eight core CPUs above 30 percent of surveyed systems and AMD closing in on half of all Steam CPUs, which means game developers now target eight core machines as the norm rather than the exception. That is good news for owners of either chip: your core count is the mainstream target, not a luxury, and it should stay relevant for years.
Neither development changes which chip to buy. Both make the experience of owning either chip better, and both reward keeping your drivers and BIOS current, which costs nothing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it worth upgrading from the 7800X3D to the 9800X3D?
For gaming alone, usually not. Published benchmarks show roughly 8 to 15 percent more at 1080p, less at 1440p, and almost nothing at 4K. Upgrade if you play competitive games at very high refresh rates, if you have added heavy productivity work, or if you want the unlocked overclocking. Otherwise, put the money toward the graphics card.
Should I choose the 7800X3D or 9800X3D for gaming?
This question comes up constantly in build advice forums, and the answer is the price gap. Buy the 9800X3D when the gap is small, because it is faster everywhere and overclockable. Buy the 7800X3D when the gap is large, and spend the savings on a better GPU or a 32GB DDR5 kit. Both chips play every current game well, so there is no wrong answer here, only a better value answer on the day you buy.
Is the 9800X3D upgrade worth the extra cost over the 7800X3D?
It depends on what the extra cost buys you elsewhere. Forum answers to this exact question consistently land in the same place: around 10 percent better in CPU bound gaming is not worth a large premium on its own, but it is worth a modest one, especially if you also gain the productivity performance and overclocking headroom. Do the subtraction for your own build: if the premium costs you a GPU tier, skip it; if it does not, take it.
Will a 750W power supply handle a 9800X3D with an RTX 3080?
Yes, in most builds. The 9800X3D is a 120W TDP chip and the RTX 3080 is a 320W card, so a quality 750W unit from a reputable maker leaves comfortable headroom for the rest of the system. This is a common forum question from builders pairing a new X3D chip with an older high end card, and the answer is reassuring: the CPU side of that pairing is light on power, and the graphics card is the part that sets the power supply requirement. Check your specific card maker’s recommendation and your unit’s age and quality, but do not buy a new power supply for the CPU alone.
Do I need a new motherboard to move from a 7800X3D to a 9800X3D?
No. Both chips use the AM5 socket. Update your BIOS to a version that supports Ryzen 9000 series processors while the old chip is still installed, then swap the processor, and reuse your board, memory, and cooler. If your board has BIOS flashback, you can also update without a working CPU installed, following the maker’s instructions.
Does the 9800X3D run hotter than the 7800X3D?
It can report higher temperatures under load, and that is not necessarily a problem. The redesigned cache placement lets heat leave the cores more directly, so more heat reaches the cooler and the sensor reads higher, while the cores sustain higher clocks. A good dual tower air cooler or 240mm liquid cooler keeps either chip well within safe limits, and the maximum operating temperature is 95 degrees Celsius on the 9800X3D.
Key Takeaways
- The 9800X3D is the faster chip: roughly 8 to 15 percent ahead at 1080p, less at 1440p, and nearly tied at 4K.
- The 7800X3D remains an excellent gaming processor, and it is the better value whenever the price gap is large.
- Owners should upgrade the graphics card first. New buyers should buy the 9800X3D only if it does not cost them a GPU tier.
- Both chips share AM5 and DDR5, so switching costs one processor and a BIOS update, nothing else.
- 1% lows favor the 9800X3D, and that steadier frame pacing is its most feelable advantage.
- DDR5 prices in late 2026 make the total build budget matter more than the CPU price alone.
- For the same money, a 7800X3D with a better GPU beats a 9800X3D with a weaker GPU in most games.
Conclusion
The Ryzen 7 7800X3D vs Ryzen 7 9800X3D question has a clear answer once you split it into its two real questions. Should owners upgrade? No, unless competitive high refresh gaming, heavy productivity work, or overclocking applies to you. Should new buyers pay extra? Yes, but only a modest extra, and never at the cost of a graphics card tier. Both chips are outstanding gaming processors, both will serve for years, and the right choice is the one that leaves the rest of your build balanced. Buy the chip that fits your monitor, your graphics card, and your budget in that order, keep your BIOS and drivers current, and spend whatever you save where it shows: on the graphics card, on 32GB of memory, or on the monitor you stare at every day.
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